FD basics: how fixed deposits work in India
A Fixed Deposit pays a guaranteed interest rate for a fixed tenure. Interest is compounded quarterly by Indian banks and paid at maturity (cumulative) or every month/quarter (non-cumulative — popular with retirees). Your deposit is insured up to ₹5 lakh per bank by DICGC, which is why keeping FDs across banks is safer than one huge FD.
- Tax-saving FD (5-year lock-in, up to ₹1.5 lakh deduction under 80C) — but interest is still taxable.
- Senior citizens get +0.25 to +0.75% extra rate in most banks.
- FD vs RD vs SIP: FD = guaranteed but taxable; RD = disciplined monthly saving; SIP = market-linked, higher long-term potential (see our SIP calculator and FD guide).
Frequently Asked Questions
A>With quarterly compounding: Maturity = P × (1 + r/400)^(4×years). This calculator does exactly that.
A>Small finance banks (e.g. some offer 8.5–9.5%) usually top the chart; PSU banks are lower but very safe. Compare on the bank's site — rates change with every RBI repo decision.
A>Yes, at your income tax slab. Banks deduct 10% TDS when interest exceeds ₹40,000/year (₹50,000 for seniors).
A>Cumulative reinvests interest and pays everything at maturity (higher total); non-cumulative pays interest monthly/quarterly (regular income, lower total).
A>Yes, but most banks charge a penalty (0.5–1%) and pay the lower rate for the actual tenure — check the terms before breaking.
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